I have developed these based on my freelancing experience. Though I have discontinued freelancing, but would like to share my practices with you. These are basic practices and have been developed over time with experience (good and bad). Please feel free to leave your experiences and comment on this article.

In this tutorial we will cover the following:

• What is an exception?
• The use of a try…catch block
• Anatomy of PHP5 Exception class
• Extending the Exception class
• A note on unhanded exceptions

In this PHP tutorial we will understand the following:

• Meaning of Final Class
• Meaning of Final Method
• When to declare a class as final
• When to declare a method as final

In this tutorial you will learn all about static data members and methods

• Meaning of static data members
• Meaning of static methods
• Defining static data members in PHP5
• Defining static methods in PHP5
• Accessing static data members in PHP5
• Accessing static methods in PHP5
• Rules to keep in mind for static methods

In this tutorial we will learn the following:

• Meaning of Polymorphism
• Why method polymorphism cannot be achieved in PHP
• PHP 5 Object Polymorphism

Refer to the code below which is a PHP5 Stack Class – an implementation of Stacks. You are free to use it in your programs.